It can feel isolating to be worried about someone close to you. A friend, parent or relative may begin to struggle, sometimes gradually, sometimes suddenly, when a relationship is breaking down or they are involved in a conflict with an ex-partner relating to their children. Recognising vulnerability early and knowing how to respond can make a difference.

Vulnerability can arise for many reasons, and can be temporary or situation specific. Common causes include:

• Age and cognitive decline such as memory loss, confusion, reduced decision‑making ability
• Illness or injury including physical conditions, accidents or hospitalisation
• Addiction to alcohol, drugs, or other dependencies which affect judgement and behaviour
• Acute stress or emotional distress from relationship breakdown,  conflict relating to children, financial pressure or trauma

These factors can affect a person’s ability to manage their own affairs, communicate with people clearly, protect their own interests or weigh up options and make decisions.

There are often early signs that someone may be struggling:

• Changes in behaviour including withdrawal, anxiety, or uncharacteristic decisions
• Difficulty understanding information or remembering key details
• Neglect of childcare responsibilities, personal care, finances, or home environment
• Increased reliance on others, or sudden new individuals becoming heavily involved

A single sign may not be significant, but a pattern of behaviour which is out of character warrants closer attention by caring friends and family.

Where someone is vulnerable, they are more likely to be at risk from financial or emotional abuse. Things like financial exploitation and psychological pressure can impact a vulnerable adult more than they would at other points in the individual’s life. This is particularly relevant when a relationship is breaking down, or during a separation or divorce process when clients are asked to make important and life-changing financial decisions in the midst of significant emotional fallout.

Divorce is recognised as being one of the most stressful experiences in a person’s life which can cause people to become more vulnerable. They may find it difficult, or impossible, to weigh up options and make decisions on their own.  It is important that all clients have trusted legal advisors who can advise them and advocate for them and friends and family who can support them are essential too.

If you are concerned about a friend or family member, there are some practical steps you can take:

1. Start a conversation
Approach the person calmly and without judgement. A gentle, open discussion can help you understand what is happening and whether they feel safe and supported.

2. Encourage independence, where possible
Support rather than take over. Many people fear losing control, so it is important to balance assistance with respecting autonomy.

3. Help them access mental health support
This may include a GP, therapist, psychiatrist or coach. Early intervention can prevent issues escalating and it is important to make sure that the right person is on board to help.

4. Keep an eye on practical matters
Where appropriate, check that essential matters such as childcare arrangements and household tasks and bills are being managed.

5. Act on serious concerns
If you are worried about someone’s ability to make decisions for themselves, itis important not to ignore it. You can raise your concern with their solicitor or speak to a GP, local authority or other professional involved in their care.

If there is an immediate risk of harm, contacting emergency services maybe necessary.

Vulnerability can affect anyone, often at times of change or difficulty. Staying alert to the signs, approaching the situation with empathy, and knowing who to contact can help protect those at risk while preserving their dignity and independence.

Kirsty Morris, Partner at Burgess Mee, is a member of Lifetime Lawyers and is trained to work with vulnerable clients going through divorce or in respect of children issues.

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